Taking stock of theories around norm contestation: a conceptual re-examining of the evolution of the Responsibility to Protect

This research consolidates debates around the impact of international norm contestation and evaluates previous findings. It conceptualises a typology for norms applies this framework to R2P test its explanatory effectiveness. The typologies draw on work by Finnemore Sikkink, as well applicatory versus justificatory discourse Deitelhoff Zimmermann Wiener’s modes contestation, amongst others. also proposes additional factors such location commonalities challengers. recent conceptualisation robustness is found be only useful in evaluating strength norms.